Freedom Writers Critique - 1679 Words

The Freedom Writers Freedom Writers was released in 2007 on January 7. It was based on the book the Freedom Writers Diary by Erin Gruwell, who wrote the story based on a school name Woodrow Wilson Classical High School in Eastside Long Beach, California. This film tells a story about Erin Gruwell, who is a young teacher who just started her job as a freshman and sophomore English teacher at Woodrow Wilson High School. She is soon challenged by a group of Black, Latino and Asian gang members who had excessive hate for the new teacher, Erin Gruwell. The most significant themes in The Freedom Writers is tolerance, journal writing/empowerment, determination and last but not least is freedom. Erin Gruwell, the teacher starts on†¦show more content†¦The students in this movie all feel confined to their race. Every race has a different stereotype and in this movie the children feel as if they are nothing more than just a stereotype. She started to connect with her class once she confiscated an ugly racist cartoon that one student had drawn of an African American in the class. She started to compare the drawing to Jews.’ (members who were a part of a cultural community whose traditional religion is Judaism and who trace their origins through the ancient Hebrew people of Israel to Abraham.) Ms. Erin was so shocked because her students didn’t know nothing about the Holocaust and how they suffered by the Jews. Ms. Gruwell decided that she wanted to find a way for the students to open up and comfortably express themselves. She gets each student a personal journal they they will write in everyday. The object of this is to allow the students to voice themselves without the pressure of everyone else listening. Ms. Gruwell communicated to the students that she would not read their journal entries without her permission. Over weeks students became more and more comfortable expressing themselves not only through writing but through words. Journal writing is another important theme in this movie that allowed the students to grow as young adults and to better understand one another. Empowerment is one of the theme in the movie. Empowerment isShow MoreRelated The Composition and Rhetoric Field Essay1051 Words   |  5 Pagesfinished product of literature when, as he has discovered, students learn better if theyre taught that writing is a process. For Murray, once teachers regard writing as a proces s, a student-centered, or writer-centered, curriculum falls into place. Rules for writing fall by the way side as writers work at their own pace to see what works best for them. While Murray emphasizes the emancipating affect that a process-oriented curriculum has on students, Andrea Lunsford explains how the process approachRead MoreShort Analyses of Some of the Best American Literature872 Words   |  4 Pagesconcerns in which they were written. 1. Charlotte Perkins Gilman: The Yellow Wallpaper. This story which was first published in 1892 can be interpreted as both a psychological as well as a social commentary and critique of the society of the time. In essence this story is a critique of the attitudes towards women in the nineteenth century and the norms and biases that led to the women being seen as the inferior, weaker and less rational gender. The central focus of the story is on the thoughtsRead MoreThe Oppression of Women in A Room of One’s Own by Virginia Wolf1749 Words   |  7 PagesAdditionally, in a similar vain, one could explore Shakespeare’s treatment of other minority groups in his works, such as Jews and anyone who is not English. Though it is easy to point fingers and accuse Shakespeare of being a misogynistic and racist writer, it is necessary to dig deeper and closely read what is actually being said in his works. Oftentimes it is crucial to read between the lines and look beyond the seemingly obvious attitude presented in Shakespeare’s works. However, it is crucial toRead MoreThe Revision Of The Wedding1010 Words   |  5 Pages For the revision of The Wedding, I used the rubic and the instructor’s critiques. I changed the opening into an attention getter suggested by the instructor. I also chose the perspective of the main character to add more depth to the poem. I took the dramatic tension and gave more life to that so I could tie it into the character’s perspective. I changed the ending to make it more effective for this poem using the thirteen ways of looking at revision. For the revision of The BraRead MoreDorothy Parkers Bold and Controversial Legacy and Writing Style1579 Words   |  7 Pages Dorothy Parker’s poems in The Portable Dorothy Parker vary from humorous commentary on romance to social critique, but her format holds on to the rigidity of older styles. While several writers choose this time period to step outside of the normal confines of writing norms, Parker retains a vintage format of strict end-rhymes and polished line lengths. Her use of comedic devices lines up with the typical craft choices that emerged in the twentieth century; however, her approach is much differentRead MoreAnalysis Of The Great Gatsby And I Too, Sing America979 Words   |  4 PagesMany iconic literary works were developed by writers, who wanted to voice their opinion through writing, such as 1984 by George Orwell, one of the most iconic books of all time. For many, it is challenging for one’s voice to heard, especially if it an unpopular opinion, so they turn to writing. This popular writing style allows people to express their opinions through underlying themes in their stories thus allowing writers to be spokespeople of their times. From The Great Gatsby to The CrucibleRead MoreEssay about Early Modern Jewish History1399 Words   |  6 Pagestranslate the Bible from Hebrew to German, he opened up the door for Jews to rediscover and enhance their knowledge. A writer and philosopher, several of Mendelssohns writings were highly successful and considered a herald to a new way of thinking. While many of his writings received praise from people of different parts, critiques arose, including Dohm and an anonymous writer, who attacked and challenged his philosophies. Being a just and critical thinker, Mendelssohn offered rebuttals or explanationsRead MoreChapter 12 : Is That A Symbol?1083 Words   |  5 Pagesbe symbolic Chapter 13: It’s All Political If literature isn’t Shakespearean or biblical, it is political. Foster wrote this chapter to convey to the readers that almost every story is inspired by the political problems that is around the writer. For example, a very old, and popular story, â€Å"The Christmas Carol.† Foster claims that the tale was really an attack to a widely taken political belief at the time. There are two different types of political writing. One is â€Å"I hate â€Å"political† writingRead MoreThe Laugh Of The Medusa By Helene Cixous1618 Words   |  7 Pagesto change the perception of women through her poetic, magical universe. By presenting men as non-human creatures, Rossetti separates them from reality, creating an opening for social commentary via the disconnect between the male targets of her critiques and the seemingly make-believe goblins. Although Cixous’ analysis may explain the responsibility of Rossetti as a poet and furthermore reveal the deeper purpose behind her work, the poem’s content surpasses the explanations provided by Cixous inRead MoreThe Rover, By Aphra Behn Essay1205 Words   |  5 PagesIt is a testament to the skill of a woman, who took the title of professional writer for herself, despite a time period where such an action was met with contemp. It is a critique on a society that held no respect for women as individuals. Finally, it is a subtle, but vital push to change that misogynistic view. Through a complex and developed female cast, as well as bold depictions of sexuality, Behn’s play critiques and challenges Restoration views of women. Before analyzing the play, itself,

Legalizing Undocumented Immigrants America - 1692 Words

Legalizing Undocumented Immigrants America, the land of possibilities and greatest nation in the world. It is said to be the â€Å"land of the free† where people have the freedom to live without fearing a corrupt government, to practice any desired religion and express themselves in the way they seem most fit. America is that and much more. For many, it’s a place where dreams can become a reality, making the statement â€Å"the American dream† the most desired goal of those living in other parts of the world. People will put their life on the line and risk everything they have to reach that, â€Å"The American Dream.† Unfortunately, the dream is short lived. Apart from the racist comments from many natives, the government makes it very difficult to function as a â€Å"normal† person in society because of the lack of legal status. The goal of many illegals in this country is to one day be able call this place home and have confidence and a sense of belonging without fear of being depo rted. It is a human right to live in a place where someone feels secure and has the ability to pursue goals to better their lives. The United States of America should provide a pathway to legalizing the roughly eleven million undocumented immigrants that actively contribute to this great nation. The harm that legalizing that many immigrants would cause are minimal when compared to the many benefits it would bring this country. This country was populated by immigrants. Going back to the roots of this country, thisShow MoreRelatedUndocumented Immigrants Should Be Legal949 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica is a nation of immigration but America also faces the problem of illegal immigration. In America the debate of whether undocumented immigrants should be able to get full amnesty is still a controversy. Even though illegal immigrants did make an illicit action, many see the United States as an opportunity for a better future. In addition, undocumented immigrants should be granted citizens hip because it will benefit the United States. Creating an amnesty for the students will help the UnitedRead MoreWhat Are You Going?1637 Words   |  7 Pagesothers. The United States of America differs greatly from these countries in that it is a melting pot.† The term melting pot has been associated with the United States (US) because there are many cultures within the country which blend together to form a whole (cite book merino, noel). The United States melting pot theory could be argued as the very quality that makes it the greatest superpower of the world. The US has also been called a nation of immigrants because almost every citizenRead MoreThe Legalization Of Legalizing Immigration Reform1488 Words   |  6 Pages2014 Legalizing Immigration Reforms I. Introduction A. America, to everyone around the world – even to those who have not stepped on its land, is acknowledged as the Land of Opportunity, a place applauded and revered for its allocation of freedom and equality among its inhabitants. Because of this, those seeking to flee poverty and lack of resources to sustain their lives come this country to experience the American Dream. One might ask, however. why the presence of illegal immigrants is stillRead MoreThe Positive Impact Of Legalizing Immigrants1384 Words   |  6 Pagestheir life styles and obtaining a higher education will be the way to move up to a higher social class. Providing a better life for their families is a desire strong enough that ensures these young immigrants becoming very dedicated workers. A really good example of of the positive impact legalizing immigrants will have is the program implements by the Department of Homeland Security called Differed Action for Childhood Arrivals also know in acronym as DACA. T his program gives permission for those whoRead MoreShould Undocumented Immigrants Be Legalized?2032 Words   |  9 PagesShould Undocumented Immigrants be Legalized? Moving to a new place to start anew is hard. Whether it is for school, work, or a desire for a change in lifestyle, many people move and are familiar with the accompanying hardships. But what if the only moving option for your life’s improvement was incredibly difficult, ripped you from family and friends, and, in fact, would label you as a criminal if you took matters into your own hands and set forth for a better life. But still, the typical concernsRead MoreThe Rise Of The Millennial Generation1198 Words   |  5 Pagesmust be able to voice their opinions to the government on issues that they believe are important. Topics like the ISIS Crisis, Immigration Reform, legalization of marijuana, and gun control must be talked about. The most recent terrorism act that America has witnessed is from the Islamic group, ISIS. The Islamic State in Iraq and Syria is an extremist group who have been known to kidnap and murder people from around the world. Although ISIS has not directly attacked the United States, people are awareRead MoreHow Can We Pay Off National Debt?866 Words   |  4 Pagesthat can’t find skilled employees in America. Do we improve on the immigration relationship and border control by enforcing stricter regulations? Just as fast as our illegals cross the border corporations are doing the same by outsourcing jobs overseas. American history is built on dreams, since day one of our existence people come to America looking for a better way of life. America is one of the only countries in the world where it is possible for poor immigrants to become millionaires. Whether thatRead MoreThe Benefits Of Immigrants During The United States946 Words   |  4 PagesThe Benefits of Immigrants Ever since 2001, when the tragedy of September 11th happened, many citizens in the U.S. have a fear of allowing immigrants into the United States. Some citizens judge that immigration is an impending threat to national security, and that the U.S. should close the borders up for good. The U.S. should not consider that because everything negative that occurs in the U.S. is not due to immigrants. The government can stop illegal immigration right now, but would it not affectRead MoreIn Search of a Dream Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pagesand 12 million undocumented immigrants living in the United States, some of which are really committed to this country, but many workers aren’t given the chance to show their loyalty to the country. Getting into the U.S. brings many new challenges to the immigrants, language being one of the most important and basic ones since most of the immigrants who come to the U.S. illegally couldn’t afford a good education, thus they never learned Eng lish. With this same issue, immigrants face challengesRead MoreLegalization For Hard Working Immigrants890 Words   |  4 Pagesfor hard-working immigrants. Despite of the negative meaning associated with it, an immigration reform would be beneficial to the U.S. in social aspects, such as having undivided families, and by stimulating economic growth. A common misconception is that legalizing illegal immigrants would just result in â€Å"criminals† running around the streets causing disturbances. Who is ignored is the benefit of a very specific population of Americans, the sons and daughters of illegal immigrants. American children

Jackie Robinson and the dodgers free essay sample

Mary Kay Linger wrote a biography about Jackie Robinsons life and all of the the great things he did and the struggles he went through from a child to an adult. In her book, Jackie Robinson: A Biography, she specifically talks about Robinsons childhood and she states, The food he collected this way made a real difference, because in the mid-19205 the Robinson family was just scraping by (Linger 1). This quote easily shows the reader that the Robinson family was poor and could barely afford to buy food. Since Jackie was a very athletic person he would play for food and money to help his family.Jackie was very helpful and tried to support his family any way he could, even if that meant he didnt get to eat dinner that night and giving it to his mother or one of his our siblings. Steve Jacobsen wrote a book about the other players besides Jackie Robinson who made it easier for African Americans to be treated equally and help break the Major Leagues color barrier. In Jacobsen book, Carrying Jackasss Torch: The Players who integrated Baseball and America, he quotes, Robinson, a great college athlete in football, baseball, track, and basketball, was fresh out of the army and had not played any baseball for six years (Jacobsen 6). His passage specifically talks about Jackie Robinsons natural born athleticism through out high school to college. Stating that Jackie as a very athletic African American he also performed greatly in three other sports. Since Jackie attended a white university to excel in his education and also four other sports, this showed that this young African American had athletic abilities that not very many people had, including the other people he played sports with. In Jackie Robinsons earlier life in the military and when Robinson agreed to play for the Brooklyn dodgers.In Scott S. Smiths article, Jackie Robinson Homebred Against Discrimination, he says, Three years later, with America in World War II, Robinson was drafted and became an expert Army marksman. He then passed the exam for officer school, but the segregated military wouldnt promote him. Thats when his pal Joe Louis, the world heavyeight boxing champion, intervened, and Robinson was made second lieutenant (Smith 1). This quote shows the reader that Robinsons life didnt always consist of sports, he also put his life on the line by serving in the U. S.Army to fight for his countrys freedom. This shows that Robinson had a very kind heart for every human being and he didnt discriminate against anyone. Even though Jackie passed the exam for officer school and the laity wouldnt promote him because of his color, Jackie still fulfilled his duties and served to protect his county. In the news article, Jackie Robinson Remembered, talks about his early baseball career. The article states, Jackie Robinson was a wonderful player. At Montreal, a part of Triple-A ball, Jackie hit . 349 to win the batting title.He also led the league in stolen bases, with 4(Y (Ebony 42). Peter Carlson wrote a periodical about Jackie Robinsons meeting with the Brooklyn Dodgers coach, Bench Rickety, where the two discussed Jackasss career as a Major League Baseball player and the obstacles he may encounter with other people. Carlson quotes Branch Rickety stating, Robinson, elm looking for a ballplayer with guts enough not to fight back, Rickety said. youve got to win this thing with hitting and throwing and fielding ground balls, nothing else! (Carlson 29). Owing that Jackie Robinson is an African American, Jackie is going to be taunted and attacked, branch Rickety took the risk of drafting Jackie knowing this type of stuff was going to go on because he had been watching Jackie for a while and knew that he was strong enough to get through it on his own without fighting back and the rage to play the sport he loved to the best of his abilities. Christy Admit wrote a periodical ab out Jackie Robinsons baseball career as Jackie broke and set new records playing for the Brooklyn Dodgers in Major League Baseball. In his periodical, Jackie Robinson: How one man changed baseball ND the World, he talks about Jackasss career as a baseball player and quotes In 1947, Jackie began playing for the Brooklyn Dodgers. He was the first black player in the major leagues (Admit 13-14). During this time period was when segregation was going on and Jackie being the first black player in the major agues showed many people that its not about what color you are it is all about talent. Jackie inspired many young African American adults that there was hope to excel in the sport that they love to play and strive to play for a living and get paid. Stacy M.Brown wrote a periodical about Jackie Robinson In his first year with the Dodgers, Robinson won the National Leagues Rookie of the year after belting 12 home runs, Two years later, he won the leagues most valuable player award and a batting title after he hit . 342 (Brown 31). Between 1947 and 1956, the Dodgers won six National League Championships and one World Series. Although appearing in far fewer World Series games than many other players with longer careers, as of 1990, Jackie still ranked eighth for all-time World Series bases on balls and ninth in runs scored and doubles.Patrick Henry wrote an academic journal about Jackie Robinson and his achievements he acquired throughout his life as an athlete in college and a Major League Baseball Player. Patrick Henry states, He compiled a lifetime batting average of . 311 and led the Dodgers to six pennants in his ten-year stay in Brooklyn. Robinson was elected to the Hall Of Fame in 1 962 in his first year Of eligibility (Henry 2). In the news article, Baseball Crackerjack Robinson Honored with Congressional Gold Medal, is written by many authors who talk about all the great things Jackie Robinson did as a major league baseball player and after he retired.This article stated, Jackie Robinson shattered Major League Baseballs color barrier in 1 947, becoming a sports superstar as a member of the Brook lyn Dodgers (n. P. 46). This quote shows that Jackie Robinson was a leader and took heroic actions in helping break a world wide dilemma for African Americans. Robinson became many Americans role model who still believed in justice and equality and showed Americans that there was still hope in achieving their goals without racism taking part in their future.This also immediately showed Jackie Robinson as a symbol of racial progress. Kennedy Stay wrote a periodical about the Jackie Robinson foundation that his wife, Rachel Robinson, established in honorary of Jackasss death. This foundation presents scholarships and mentoring for Minority College students. In Stomatas periodical, Keeper of the Flame, she wrote about a specific time when, The Jackie Robinson Foundation held a fund-raising event commemorating what would have been the Hall of Fames 93rd birthday (Stay 1).

Is Disobedience a Psychological and Moral Problem free essay sample

He states the disobedience and the willpower to say no and doubt are some of things that may prevent human beings form destroying the Earth. While Erich Fromm’s essay is certainly interesting to read, some of his ideas and statements are outrageous. It is because of these claims I have to partially disagree with the general idea with his essay. In the following paragraphs I will be showing, contrary to Fromm’s idea, that both disobedience and obedience are good and bad. In his essay â€Å"Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem,† Erich Fromm discuses in depth the differences between disobedience and obedience. He asks why an individual finds it hard to disobey, or why an individual very easily obeys. He also writes about the different types of obedience and disobedience and the effects of these two acts on the human world. Fromm states â€Å"Human history began with an act of Deonandan 2 disobedience, and it is not unlikely that it will be terminated by an act of obedience. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Disobedience a Psychological and Moral Problem? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † (402) He seems to believe that obeying without question might have serious consequences for human beings. He also states that if an individual decides to disobey, that individual must be willing to be alone. That individual must be willing to be one in a million when he or she disobeys. He goes on to state that there are different types of obedience; heteronymous and autonomous. While heteronymous obedience is obedience to another, autonomous is obedience to oneself. He also points out there are also two types of consciences; authoritarian and humanistic. While humanistic conscience is the part of humans that is not affected by anyone, authoritarian is the part that is influenced by others, although we are not always aware of this. Fromm claims that this authoritarian conscience is the one we always want to please. We want to please it so much that sometimes we go against our humanistic conscience. He furthers points out for an individual to obey one form of conscience, that individual may be disobeying the other form of conscience. That is to say if you were to obey what you think society think is right, you would be disobeying what you truly believe in. He then goes on to state that there are two types of authority; rational and irrational. With rational authority, all parties that are involved are not harmed or hurt in anyway, but they all reap the benefits of their actions, with irrational authority only the authoritative party reaps the benefits, the other party only gets harmed. He states that only when individuals is free to think for themselves are they able to disobey authority. Therefore freedom and disobedience goes hand in hand. He also states that although human beings have not lost the willpower to Deonandan 3 disobey, they obey without questioning or doubting. When they do this, they are termed an â€Å"organization man. when human beings become this type of person, they have the potential to end all life on Earth. This is so Deonandan 3 because they do not feel responsible for their actions and do not care what the consequences of their actions may be. Fromm uses certain religious, social and cultural occurrences and stories that he considers significant to his idea that disobedience and obedience without questioning is bad. He does this by citing biblical and Greek myths and stories. He also seems to be influenced by the cold war, a time when the end of the world was always on people’s mind. He tries to convince his readers by targeting their emotions and morals. He does this through statements such as â€Å"At the same time the slave tries to defend as best he can his claims for a minimum of happiness† (405) and â€Å" And so would we- and so do we. † (406) While Fromm tries to win his readers by doing this, he does not seem to realize that some of readers may not be aware of some of the stories and occurrences. He does not think that some readers may not find some of his references influential. He also seems to think that individuals will believe him, regardless to the absence of facts in his essay. Erich Fromm claims that human beings came into existence because of certain acts of disobedience. I strongly disagree with this statement. I do so because Fromm provides only stories and myths as basis for his claims. He does not provide any hard core facts. While some readers may believe this claim, I can assure you they only do this because of cultural and religious convictions. When he points out that human beings have progressed because of acts of disobedience, I partially agree. I think that we as human Deonandan 4 eings have made huge strides socially because of some acts of disobedience. Some of these include the abolition of slavery, democracy and social equality. I also realize that while these may be seen as acts of disobedience to authority(rulers and masters) but they must also be seen as obedience to moral and ethical laws. I also disagree with his question, â€Å" why is man so prone to obey and why is it so difficult for to disobey? †(405) I think that humans ha ve to have something to obey because without something to obey we would just wander around aimlessly. Now before you say that I am claiming that humans do not want to be free and cannot think for themselves. Let me clarify by saying that in order for modern society to function properly, there must be some obedience to authority and laws. I also think that in society today human beings do not find it hard to disobey anything, it is just that there are not that many oppressing things. I also believe that if there were too many acts of disobedience, there would be a lot more instability and chaos in society not peace. They way we as humans like it. In conclusion, I think that Erich Fromm’s essay â€Å"Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem† was very intriguing and extremely controversial. I also think that it was a honest effort by the author to share his ideas with the public. I would suggested to Fromm to use facts not stories and myths to back up his claims. I think that Fromm was trying to say that disobedience is good while obedience without questioning is bad but this was just his view. I strongly believe that both acts has its own good and bad points.

The History of Public Relations Essay Example

The History of Public Relations Essay Advanced News Public Relations were discovered in 52 B. C. E. in ancient Rome. It became a profession in the 20th Century in the United States. There, public relations were becoming popular through the development of railroads. It is stimulated in today’s rapid growing business world. The field of Public Relations is a very essential aspect with having a perfect image. Public relations professionals work diligently at creating good and reliable relations between a firm and many different individuals it represents. It deals with a variety of strategies and methods. There are multiple definitions of public relations, which makes it difficult to understand. Public Relation writes, Lattimore, Baskin, Heiman, Toth and Van Leuven provides the definition, Public relations is a leadership and management function that helps achieve organizational objectives, define philosophy, and facilitate organizational change. Public relations practitioners communicate with all relevant internal and external publics to develop positive relationships and to create consistency between organizational goals and societal expectations. Public relations practitioners develop, execute, and evaluate organizational programs that promote the exchange of influence and understanding among an organizations constiuent parts and publics (2004). Edward Bernays was an admirable figure born in Austria in 1892. After attending Cornell in 1912, he began developing his powers of persuasion as a promoter of theatre. Bernays built a career that lasted for four decades, selling consumer products to political candidates. He was a big thinker, and his stratagems were very complex, which drove others to think the way he does. We will write a custom essay sample on The History of Public Relations specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The History of Public Relations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The History of Public Relations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer For example, for the American Tobacco Company Edward persuaded people to think that in order to stay fit smoking will make that possible. He continuously promoted that â€Å"being thin was in†. Even though smoking can never be known as something good, he portrayed it to be a symbol of women’s liberation. That campaign in particular demonstrated Bernays’ innovative thinking and intellectual brilliance. He doesn’t partake in any form of smoking, but was able to persuade thousands to try it, increasing the company’s business. Another strategic approach in this campaign was asking the press to not inform people about the evidence of tobacco’s health risks, even though it was the wrong decision to make. Bernays believed that there was no such thing as bad publicity. The last years of life that he had were spent on getting even greater and his promotional skills to become a legacy in history. Today he is still known as the â€Å"father of public relations† and has left a thumbnail history of the development of the public relations industry in the United States (David). Public Relations have been popular since the twentieth century and were discovered back to ancient civilizations. It is the practice of persuading people through using communicational skills. An example is Edward Bernays who views public relations to be based on the persuasion of attitudes. It is important to have a viewpoint based off of what the majority may find interesting. This will soon target a positive view point from customers. To keep customers satisfied and comfortable with investing money into a company, it is always important to keep their best interest in mind. Through advertising and marketing, the message of the company’s purpose must be clear for customers to understand. Marketing is one of the important fields that are greatly influenced by public relations. Many organizations view public relations to be part of the marketing department. Whether it is under marketing or in its own field, a successful organization requires a well ran public relations department. There are many publics that the PR practitioner must abide by and each is controlled by various communicational skills. Publics that are inside the organizations are managers, clerks, and stock holders. Publics that are outside of the organization will be considered as the government and press. Each of these publics plays a significant role in a well-structured PR organization. There are many functions of public relations that are organizational and social. Organizational functions include: media relations, employee relations, and community relations. These are considered as organizational functions because they sustain a good relationship between the company and their consumers. Media relations focuses more so with the press. It grants the press privileges to advertise an organization the best way possible to gain popularity, which in result makes the company money (Public Relations). Employee relations are about the internal publics of the company. For example, those who work for a company have accurate information on the company’s growth and downfalls to help them excel the company’s performance in the future. Public relations are all about positivity, but are up to the people within the company to carry it out. Last, community relations reflect what the company stands for. It allows for the company to maintain its reputation of good will. The press connects on a marketing basis that insures healthy exposure for the business that is being represented. Maintaining relationships amongst other businesses, strategizing sales plans, and managing inventory of their product are just a few of their duties. They may also be involved in advertising or even in promoting. Marketing communications relates to the field of marketing that includes, constructing displays for promotional events and pamphlets that summarize what the product is and its functions. Marketing communications is what drives the costumers into buying their product. If the sign is appealing to the eye, and if the words that are used are persuading, then the community will buy into the company (Sommerfeldt). Public Relations is based on management, supervisory and technical functions that allows the organization to maintain relationships with other companies to prosper. There are many duties and expectations that public relations have. They include: representing the company well at conferences, attaining honors and awards, conducting business with the press, and having great communicational skills amongst employees (Brigden). Being successful in all four of these areas is not to impress others, but to enhance one’s career in public relations. Also these areas apply not only towards public relations, but also in media relations. Advertising plays a role in public relations, but is not entirely about making a product look appealing to consumers. PR involves informing and educating people and the target group about an organization. Advertising requires having an effective PR. Effective PR develops a bond with the customers to satisfy their needs and to provide good service to leave a good impression (Iyer). This will set growth within the company, making sells increase due to the well- structured effective PR. A very important technique within Public Relations is to control the downfall of the company through five important aspects. They involve: Crisis Detection, Crisis Management, Crisis Communication, Crisis Containment, and Crisis Recovery. I strongly believe my interest in public relations grows more day by day and I strongly believe that I am suitable for a position as such. My skills, abilities, and qualities all together allow me to be qualified at a public relations agency. I possess excellent writing skills, creativity and drive to accomplish all tasks, great organizational skills, multi-tasking ability, and ability to work well as part of a team, accuracy and attention to detail. To sum up I believe that I meet all the requirements to be in public relations. Works Cited 1. Public Relations.   Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition, (2011): 1. 2. Bridgen,  Liz. Emotional Labour and the Pursuit of the Personal Brand: Public Relations Practitioners Use of Social Media.   Journal of Media Practice V. 12 No. 1 (2011) P. 61-76, 12. 1 (2011): 61-76 3. Conrads,  David. Theres No Such Thing as Bad Publicity.   Christian Science Monitor, 90. 192 (1998): B11-B-1. 4. Dan, Lattimore. Public Relations: the Profession and the Practice. S. l. ]: Mcgraw Hill Higher Education, 2009. Print. 5. Iyer,  Ganesh, David Soberman, and J. Miguel Villas-Boas. The Targeting of Advertising.   Marketing Science, 24. 3 (2005): 461-476. 6. Sommerfeldt,  Erich, and Maureen Taylor. A Social Capital Approach to Improving Public Relations Efficacy: Diagnosing Internal Constraints on External Communication.   Public Relations Review V. 37 No. 3 (September 2011) P. 197-206 , 37. 3 (2011): 197-206. 7. Public Relations.   Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition, (2011): 1.

Biography of Elizabeth Vargas, ABC News Journalist

Biography of Elizabeth Vargas, ABC News Journalist In January 2006, Elizabeth Vargas (born September 6, 1962), a respected 20-year broadcast journalist, began as co-anchor of ABCs World News Tonight, with correspondent Bob Woodruff, who was injured in Iraq later that month. Fast Facts: Elizabeth Vargas Known For: A respected decades-long career as a broadcast journalist, namely as co-anchor of ABCs World News Tonight and 20/20.Born: September 6, 1962, in Paterson, NJSpouse: Singer Mark Cohn (m. 1999-2014)Children:   Zachary Raphael Cohn,  Samuel Wyatt CohnEducation: Overseas schooling for military children. 1980 graduate, Heidelberg American High School in  Germany. BA in Journalism,  University of Missouri.Notable Quote: You do not get into this business if youre interested in a 40-hour workweek, and want to be home for dinner every night. You wont make it in network news. You really need to love it. Its an enormous commitment. In May 2006, expecting her second child, Vargas resigned from World News Tonight and was named co-anchor of ABCs 20/20 newsmagazine. Industry whispers were that she wanted to return to World News Tonight after her childs birth, but ABC brass replaced her with news veteran Charles Gibson. While news veteran Vargas has logged hundreds of hours of international, political and hard-news reporting, her expertise and top interests lie in the social and religious issues that intrigue Americans today. Although conservative Newsbusters (combating liberal media bias) has accused her of a liberal bias, she is regarded as a fair reporter who provides in-depth, balanced examinations of the facts. Elizabeth Vargas Early Career Years Saturday anchor/reporter at KOMU-TV, an NBC affiliate owned by University of MissouriReporter at KTVN-TV, the CBS affiliate in Reno, NVLead reporter, 1986-89, KTVK-TV, the ABC affiliate in Phoenix, AZReporter/anchor, 1989-93, WBBM-TV, the CBS affiliate in Chicago, IL Elizabeth Vargas at NBC and ABC NBCs Today Show, 1993-96, substitute news anchor/co-hostDateline NBC, 1993-96, correspondentABCs Good Morning America, 1996-97, news anchorABCs 20/20 news program, 1997-2004, correspondent; co-anchor, 2004ABCs 20/20 Downtown, 1999-2002, hostABCs World News Tonight, 2005 - 2006ABCs 20/20, co-anchor [Won an Emmy in 1999 for coverage of the Elian Gonzalez story. Vargas Stories and One-Hour Specials at ABC Specials include Surrogacy, Same-Sex Marriage, and a new look at a New Mexico drunk-driving caseOne controversial 2003 special was based on bestseller The DaVinci Code. Another was her 2004 Matthew Shepard murder story on 20/20, which reported that the murder may not have been a gay hate crime. Some dubbed her a lying homophobe for her reporting.Stories on many issues, including breast cancer research, PETAs war against fur-wearing, and the 1999 Yosemite National Park murders. The Elizabeth Vargas Persona On-air and off, Elizabeth Vargas exudes calm, thoughtful authority. Shes also a driven perfectionist who dedicates herself to pursuing the story. Vargas doesnt hesitate to ruffle feathers of the viewing public, despite her soothing demeanor and seeming go-along attitude. ABC news brass touted her as creative and one of the most flexible talents. Interesting Personal Notes Elizabeth Vargas led a colorful dating life prior to marriage. She was romantically linked in the 1990s to actor Michael Douglas, who reportedly ended the relationship when he began dating New York Times columnist Maureen Dowd. And per a biography of baseball legend Joe DiMaggio, before his 1999 death, Joltin Joe developed a crush on Vargas after meeting her aboard a cruise. Vargas was introduced to her Grammy-winning husband Marc Cohn by tennis star Andre Agassi (they divorced in 2014). Memorable Quotes I think theres nothing better in the world than a spirited discussion about the Bible and Jesus and God and the Catholic faith, or the Jewish faith, or the Muslim faith - any religion. You do not get into this business if youre interested in a 40-hour workweek, and want to be home for dinner every night. You wont make it in network news. You really need to love it. Its an enormous commitment. My husband is Jewish, my baby son has been baptized a Catholic but were going to expose him to Judaism as well. My family is already a melting pot: Ive got devoutly traditional Catholic parents, I was married by a priest and a rabbi. To do that, you have to be flexible in the way you apply your religion in your life. You cant be so dogmatic about my way or the highway. Speaking of an ABC program she produced about two other women who disappeared at the same time as Laci Peterson, the attractive, pregnant Caucasian woman who was killed by her husband in 2003, One of the other women was black, and the other was Hispanic. The Hispanic woman was not only pregnant, she with her her five-year-old son. But theres no search party going on for them, no media attention, even though they disappeared in the shadow of Laci Peterson. I was really proud of that special...proud that I was able to give these other women their story.

An Issue of Two Courts Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

An Issue of Two Courts - Case Study Example Given the fact that the charges that are to be leveled against the officer and the agency in particular have low chances of standing as criminal charges with intent to murder, in all probabilities, it would be certain that the charges could be changed to civil penalties. Greene (2006) states that there are three types of general torts that could be brought up against the police officer and the agency. These would include Tort is a private injury inflicted on one person by another, where the plaintiff is the injured party. Negligence is alleged when a defendant should have anticipated their acts or omissions would result in an injury. The key factors in these cases are that of reasonableness. The US Supreme Court has affirmed that the right to access to the court's assures that no person will be denied the opportunity to present to the judiciary allegations concerning violations of fundamental constitutional rights. US courts have fundamentally presumed that damage actions against the federal government- although not injunctive relief- must be authorized by the US Congress through an explicit waiver of immunity enjoyed by them. Shelton, (2001) states that at present, the Federal Tort Claims Act makes the state and state agencies liable for money damagesfor injury or loss of property or personal injury or death caused by federal government agents. For example both the FTCA, 28 U.S.C. 1346(b), 2671-2680 (1988 and Supp. IV 1992) and the Tucker Act, 28 U.S.C. 1346(a). It must also be remembered that individual agents are no longer immune from liability in USA where a wrongful act in violation of the constitution by a federal agent acting under color of law gives rise to a cause of action for damages against agents, according to the US Supreme Court (Bivens v Six Unknown Named Agents of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics). What one needs to be remember here is that moonlighting is not against the constitution and hence there can be no constitutional violation charge can be brought against the agency or the officer. The greatest probability in the context of the case is the charge of intentional tort against the officer and a charge of vicarious liability against the agency for hiring police officers that made it a habit of moonlighting while nature of the job that they do demands that they give it their whole and undivided attention. Intentional tort would be a voluntary commission of an act that to a substantial certainty will injure another person. This is in fact a large possibility given the fact that an officer who had finished a job at 3:30 am in the morning could not be expected to be in his full senses or give his best to another job of a nature as sensitive as public security is. The agency can also be brought under the jurisdiction of damages by the plaintiff under the scope of vicarious liability, which states that A legal doctrine that holds the

Law, Ethics &Accountability for Nurses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Law, Ethics &Accountability for Nurses - Essay Example This study is being conducted in order to comprehensively explain the legal and ethical issues which nurses often encounter and the possible ways that such issues can be legally and ethically resolved. In the first scenario, a nurse decided independently to indicate in the chart of an 80 year old end-stage heart failure patient that the latter is classified as ‘not-for-resuscitation’ or NFR. The NFR order was not consulted with the patient’s doctor. Moreover, since the patient was too ill to express her consent or dissent to the order, her husband’s consent was secured. The nurse recorded in the patient’s chart that the on-call physician approved the NFR order. The physician also apparently agreed to the discontinuance of the patient’s continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine. The following day, the patient died and the cause of death was not the withdrawal of the CPAP but because of a heart attack. The RN was later fired for disregarding the chart orders which indicated that the patient’s medical treatment should be continued. The relevant legal and professional issues in the above case can be broken down to: a) the RN’s independent decision on the NFR decision – without proper consultation with the patient’s physician and in violation of orders indicated in the patient’s chart; and in b) ordering the withdrawal of the treatment without proper consultation with the patient. First and foremost, NFR orders are decisions and orders which are indicated in patient’s charts by the patient’s doctor. It cannot be independently decided upon by the nurse without proper consultation with the physician. In turn, this decision is made by the physician after proper consultation with the patient (Dames Clinical Nursing Education Site, 2010). The function of a nurse in NFR orders is to carry it out and to follow the directive as indicated in the patient’s chart. In the current case, the nurse independently decided that an NFR

A Comparison and Analysis of Two Works of Art Term Paper

A Comparison and Analysis of Two Works of Art - Term Paper Example The essay "A Comparison and Analysis of Two Works of Art" compares Willem de Kooning's "Woman 1" and Fernand Leger's "Woman with a Book". The simplicity of the art is appealing to the eye and the intrinsic blend of color is magnificent in a unique way. One of Fernand’s common quotes is creating art that everyone can understand. â€Å"Woman with a book† supports the latter claim by the simplistic, yet magnificent nature of its presentation. The technique and simplicity captivates the eyes of viewers visiting the gallery on the fifth floor at the MOMA. The plain background of art brings out the type of lines that Fernand uses to bring out the features of the woman. The most captivating thing about the piece of art is the expressionless face of the woman. This arouses curiosity from the art viewers trying to perceive the mood of the art and its context. Understanding a little about Fernand could shine a light on the latter. Là ©ger’s career started after he began s howing talent in fine art. Since his birth in rural France, his family prepared him to take over the family business of cattle dealership. He enrolled in architecture school after showing a talent in art and later to various colleges where he mastered several methods of artistic impressionism. Between 1905 and 1907, Là ©ger had no cubism painting; it was mainly impressionistic. By the time he went to fight as a soldier in World War 1, however, Là ©ger had fully adopted cubism and his work recognised along Pablo Picasso. Là ©ger’s form of cubism was unique.

Toyota Motor Vehicles: SWOT Analysis

Toyota Motor Vehicles: SWOT Analysis Toyota Motor Vehicles Background Toyota Motor Corporation is a famous Japanese multinational corporation, and is considered the worlds second largest automaker of automobiles. The founder of Toyota is Kiichiro Toyoda, who born in 1894, and the son of Sakichi Toyoda, who was popular in the invention of the automatic loom. Toyota motors became a mainstay of Japan economy 1n 1960. And it get great growth in this time. And the annual sale of TMC in Japan was about one million dollar I 1962 Introduction Toyota Motor Corporation, being a multinational is the worlds largest automaker in terms of sales volume. As of 2008, Toyota employs approximately 316,000 people around the world in comparison to second ranked automaker General Motors 266,000 employees. The company is mainly engaged in automobile business and financial business. In end of 1989, Toyota started its manufacturing in Europe by having two main manufacturing plants working in UK. It provides all ranges of cars from mini vehicles to big trucks. Toyota Philosophy Toyotas management philosophy has evolved from the companys origins and has been reflected in the terms Lean Manufacturing and Just In Time Production, which it was instrumental in developing. The Toyota Way has four components: 1) Long-term thinking as a basis for management decisions, 2) a process for problem-solving, 3) adding value to the organization by developing its people, and 4) recognizing that continuously solving root problems drives organizational learning. They deals in wide range of cars like: Avensis Previa Dyna CBU Camry Coaster Land cruiser Prado Fortuner Toyota Motors main competitors: General Motors (GM): It was the worlds largest selling vehicle producer but their market shares were decline in the 80s and mid 90s. Ford: It was the second largest motor car selling and profit making company in the world right behind the GM Company. Chrysler: It was the third main competitor of Toyota. The company was almost gone bankrupt during the 80s but their government support their company and saved them. Main Body SWOT Analysis (S)trengths One of the main biggest strengths of Toyota is the JUST IN TIME concept. Just in Time spirit implies to the two opposing forces of providing fast and flexible response, and yet building mechanisms and systems that are efficient and waste-free. The concept is to provide the right product and information, at the right time, in the right amount, in the right manner, while maintaining high standards of efficiency and cost control. JIT has resulted in ZERO inventory and enormous saving in the cost. The company has recorded a strapping financial performance in recent years. Toyota Motors revenues increased at a compound annual growth rate of 11.1% during 2004-08.The Company also had witnessed a considerable increase in profitability. During 2004-08, the average operating profit margin and net profit margin of the company stood at 9.1% and 6.5%, respectively. The strong financial performance of the company has contributed to its market domination. This, in turn, enhances investors confidence in the company for investment. Toyota is one of the top leading automotive brands in the world. In the annual ranking of top 100 global brands by BusinessWeek and Interbrand in 2008, Toyota figured in the sixth position. According to the survey, Toyotas brand value has increased by 6%, to reach $34.1 billion in 2008. In addition, it is the highest ranking automotive brand name in the world. It is ranked well ahead of its competitors like Mercedes, BMW, Honda, Ford, Hyundai, Porsche and Nissan. For instance, in the same period, Ford has been faced with a number of troubles, including a failure to meet its goals for SUV mileage gains or to exploit its well-regarded Escape hybrid; subsequently, the brand value of Ford fell by 12%, to $7.9 billion in 2008. Toyotas luxury car, Lexus, also has an independent ranking in the top 100 global brands. The brand value of Lexus was around $3.6 billion, with a ranking of 90. Some of the other popular product brands of the company include Corolla, Camry, Sienna, Prius and Scion. The companys strong brand image gives it considerable competitive advantage and helps the company to register higher sales growth in domestic, as well as in international markets. In 2003 Toyota has beaten its rival Ford into third spot, to become the Worlds second largest carmaker with 6.78 million units. The company is still behind rivals General Motors with 8.59 million units in the same period. Its strong industry position is based upon a number of factors including a diversified product range, highly targeted marketing and a commitment to turn manufacturing and quality. The company makes a large range of vehicles for both private customers and commercial organizations, from the small Yaris to large trucks. The company uses marketing techniques to identify and satisfy customer needs. Its brand is a household name. The company also maximizes profit through efficient manufacturing approaches (e.g. Total Quality Management). (W)eaknesses Usually big setup faces problems during oversupply as in it the company need to make sure that it is the models that consumers want. Toyota markets most of its products in the US and in Japan due to which they are always exposed to fluctuating economic and political conditions. Perhaps that is the reason that now the company is beginning to shift its attentions to the emerging Chinese market. Toyota Motor provides pension benefits and other post-retirement health and life insurance benefits to employees. During the Year 2008, the company incurred post retirement benefit expenses of approximately $709.1m. The company also paid a total of approximately $671.5m for the post retirement benefit plans during 2007. Furthermore, by the end of March 2008, the companys projected pension and post-retirement benefit obligations stood at approximately $14,865.9m as compared to the planned assets of approximately $11,256.4m, resulting into an unfunded status of approximately $3,609.5m. Sizeable unfunded post retirement benefits would force the company to make periodic cash contributions towards bridging the gap between post retirement benefits obligations and planned assets, which would reduce cash available for growth plans. The company needs to keep producing the cars in order to retain its operational efficiency. Car plants represent a huge investment in expensive fixed costs, as well as the high costs of training and retaining labor. So if the car market experiences a down turn, the company could see over capacity. If on the other hand the car market experiences an upturn, then the company may miss out on potential sales due to under capacity i.e. it takes time to accommodate. This is a typical problem with high volume car manufacturing companies. (O)pportunities Worldwide demand for light hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) is estimated to reach 4.0 million units by 2015. Rising energy costs and increased emissions regulations are likely to increase the demand for HEVs, as hybrid engines are more fuel efficient and less polluting than conventional gasoline and diesel engines. The primary markets for HEVs will be within Triad countries (the US, Western Europe and Japan), although the quickly growing Chinese market is also expected to experience relatively strong demand for these fuel efficient and environmentally friendly vehicles. Toyota Motor Company is keen to capitalize on the growing demand for hybrid electric vehicles. The company has spent a large amount of money for the development of hybrid vehicles over the years. The accumulative total of Toyota Motors hybrid vehicle sales reached 1.5 million in June 2008. Furthermore, the company plans to expand its hybrid lineup and achieve annual sales of one million hybrid vehicles by early 2010. For this, the company plans to introduce demand-creating products. The company also launched models such as the Prius and LS600h hybrids at the 2008 Beijing International Automotive Exhibition, held at the new China International Exhibition Center in Beijing. The companys emphasis on hybrid technology will enable it to capitalize on the positive market trends in this segment to enhance its market position Lexus and Toyota now have a reputation for manufacturing environmentally friendly vehicles. Lexus has RX 400h hybrid, and Toyota has it Prius. Both are based upon advance technologies developed by the organization. Such moves can only firm up Toyotas interest and investment in hybrid RD. Toyota Motor has launched several new models in year 008. For example, in April 2008, Toyota Company has displayed a total of 50 concept vehicles at the 2008 Beijing International Automotive Exhibition. The company has launched its models including the compactYaris, the new Vios and Lexus LX570 SUV, along with concept cars such as the iQ compact and the personal mobility vehicle ‘i-REAL. The company also displayed models such as the Prius and LS600h hybrids and the GOA (Global Outstanding Assessment) collision-safety body represented by a Camry and Crown models. Besides helping to garner additional revenues, new models will also help the company to revamp its aging model line up Toyota is going to target the urban youth market. The company has launched its new Aygo, which is targeted at the streetwise youth market and captures (or attempts to) the nature of dance and DJ culture in a very competitive segment. The vehicle itself is a unique one. Convertible, with models extending at their rear! The narrow segment is notorious for it narrows margins and difficulties for branding. (T)hreats The worldwide automotive market is highly competitive. Toyota Motor Company is facing tough competition from other automotive manufacturers in its various markets. The competition among various auto players is likely to exaggerate in light of continuing globalization and consolidation in the worldwide automotive industry. The factors affecting competition include product quality and features, the amount of time required for innovation and development, pricing, reliability, safety, fuel economy, customer service and financing terms. Increased competition may lead the company to lower vehicle unit sales and increased inventory, which may result in a further downward price pressure and can negatively affect the companys financial condition and results of operations. The European Union (EU) Commission and the EU Parliament have adopted a directive that establishes increasingly stringent emission standards for passenger and light commercial vehicles for model years 2005 and thereafter. Under the directive, manufacturers will be responsible for the emission performance of these vehicles for five years or 100,000 kilometers, whichever occurs first. A more stringent Emission standard (EURO 5) is also on the table of the EU legislative bodies and is likely to be effective from 2009. This will create more tough competition to work in EU as they would require more to concentrate on quality which will increase their cost and will lead to increase in prices by which the other competitors in the area would take advantage as their home land? As with any other car manufacturer, Toyota is facing great deal of competitive rivalry in the car market. Competition is increasing almost on the daily basis, with new entrants coming into the market from China, South Korea and new plants in Eastern Europe. The company is also exposed to any movement in the price of raw materials such as rubber, steel and fuel. The key economies in the Pacific, the US and Europe is also experiencing slowdowns. These economic factors are potential threats for Toyota. PEST Analysis (P)olitical Toyota had a lot of help from the local government, including tax breaks. The company is likewise linked closely to the policies ofgovernments, the earnings of banks. Toyota is currently dominated by little more than a handful of firms, each wielding colossal financial, emotional and political power. The companys approach to dealing with political institutions has not always been brilliant. It tends to be good on technical issues, although it has not always fully presented the longer-term options, in order to make the choices and their implications clear. Toyota is expected to sell Indiana and its assets to the world. (E)conomic For much of the developed world, Toyota Company is a pillar company in auto mobile business, a flag of economic progress. The Toyota Company has been a core company, a unique economic phenomenon, which has dominated the twentieth century. However, the automobile industry including the Toyota now suffers from a series of structural schisms and has become riddled with contradictions and economic discontinuities. For the capital markets and the finance sector, it has lost a lot of its significance, as a result of ever declining profits and stagnant sales. The proliferation of products means that it has become hopelessly wasteful of economic resources. While all these and more sound like a very gloomy assessment of such a vast economic phenomenon, the industry is not in the end despondent. A different future is possible for the industry, a highly desirable one. (S)ocial and Cultural Toyotas ability to bring to market world-class vehicles depends, in large part, on the craftsmanship and hard work. As part of the development in automotive industry, the Toyota Company actually affects the society as a whole. It employs millions of people directly, tens of millions indirectly. Its products have transformed society, bringing undreamed-of levels of mobility, changing the ways people live and work. The social value of the additional mobility that this industry brings involves the value of the people being able to commute over longer distances easily, among many others. There are, on the other hand, particular social issues to address in many developing countries, often those that are the result of an undertone of religious faith. Toyota company has the role to play in helping develop the mobility of such countries and it can be achieved at an acceptable social cost of the country is prepared to learn the necessary lessons from those who have traveled this route before it, and to make the necessary investments. (T)echnology In 1994, the Toyota Company had given its employees the challenge to bring up with new technological change in cars. The car for the 21st century. For this purpose a special team was developed to make the car. This team was named as G21 team. In 1997; Toyotas G21 team made a car which is both fuel efficient and environment friendly as well. They made a hybrid car named as Prius. This car was a major success in Japan at that time. Till that time Toyota hasnt introduced this technology outside Japan. In 2001 Toyota introduces hybrid cars worldwide. Hybrid car can be run on engine or battery or both. The production of first hybrid car in Europe was started in 2010. Success of hybrid car can be shown by the fact that over 3,000,000 cars were sold worldwide. There are different models of hybrid cars had been made so far which are as follows, NHW10 Model (1997-2000) NHW11 Model (2001-2003) NHW20 Model (2004-2009) NHW30 Model (2009-till present) Recommendations Toyota is being one of the top motor vehicle producers in the world still needs to do a lot more improvements regarding their quality and services by taking seriously the consumer complaints Since last few months the company is facing some quality issues which need to be rectify soon because some researchers are also pointing out these which is creating a bad impact for the company and its market share. Toyota also had added some experts containing both consumers and experts. They had been recommended by their union back in Japan to review their quality but they are not directly affiliated with the Toyota Company. They also need to review these members and had to directly affiliate them with Toyota. Toyotas main hazard in their success had been their big recall of its cars all over the world. The company had failed to identify and solve this issue and this can create big impact in their sales and perception of their customers while purchasing car. So they need to rectify and solve this problem quickly so that the image of the company can be retained. Moreover they also should make a proper consumer profile on their website as well. This will enable them to easily identify its consumers and make the strategy for marketing according to that. The company had used social media like face book and twitter for the consumers. It is the demand of the time of these days but the problem is that they are not making good use of it. Their participation through these is almost zero. If they improve on that participation and make it more active then that will help the company a lot and can be a good marketing source as well.

Internal Conflicts Caused by Conformity :: essays research papers

Internal Conflicts Caused by Conformity Conformity can often seem like the best path to take in a situation. Going along with everyone else will cause less conflict for the group as a whole. Unfortunately conforming simply to protect other people's feelings can lead to powerful internal conflicts if a person does not fully agree with the situation. Ruth from A Raisin in the Sun, Langston from "Salvation," and Mama from "Everyday Use," all felt internal conflicts resulting from conformity. Ruth Younger is a caring mother who feels internal conflicts when she feels strongly about something her husband does not agree with. Ruth lives in a small apartment with her extended family. She tries to be a good wife, supportive of her husband's decisions but she also longs for a better life for her family. Gladys Washington, literary reviewer, points out that Ruth, "seems to hold fairly traditional ideas about motherhood, but she finds herself, without the counsel of her husband, considering abortion as an alternative to bringing another child into the world" (Washington screen 3). She would sacrifice the life growing inside her to ensure her current family had a place to sleep. When her mother-in-law presents them with the opportunity to move from their small run down apartment to a home of their own Ruth is overjoyed, but sees that Walter is furious with his mother for spending so much money on a home in a white neighborhood. Ruth wants so badly to be excited tha t she urges her husband to see the good that would come from moving. She says, "Please, honey -- let me be glad... you be glad too"(Hansberry 998). She tells him they should, "say goodbye to these Goddamned cracking walls!--and these marching roaches!--and this cramped little closet which ain't now or never was no kitchen!"(Hansberry 999). After being offered money by their white neighbors not to move in, Walter decides to take the money and keep his family in their cramped apartment. Ruth is being torn to pieces at the thought of losing the home she dreamed of but she has done enough pleading. She had already rebelled and let her husband know how she felt about the new home. Finally right before Walter signs the papers to accept the white community's money, his wife and mother's pleas get through to him. He turns down the white man's money and Ruth finally gets a better life for her family.

The Sun Rising

This is a dramatic poem where the speaker and his lover are in bed together. The speaker personifies the sun, and is speaking to it throughout the poem. As the sunlight comes through the windows, the speaker tells the sun to leave them alone. He seems to feel that their life together is complete, and that the sun is being a nuisance. He then tells the sun that his lover is worth more than anything the sun can ever find outside their bedroom. It is a love poem of an unusual kind.In this poem, composed in the form of a dramatic monologue, the poet lover is angered at the Sun and calls it names for disturbing the time him and his lover are spendong together. . He addresses the Sun as â€Å"busy old fool†. He calls it unruly because, by peeping in to the bedroom through windows and curtains it disturbs the lovers. The poet-lover tells the Sun that lovers’ seasons do not run to its motions. He advises the Sun to go and do such routine and dull jobs like chiding late-schoolbo ys and apprentices, waking up court-huntsmen and peasants.The expression â€Å"country ants† is imagery. It refers to the peasants, drudging like ants. However, the poet and his lover are not like ‘them', they are superior to all that is going on around them and they should not be disturbed. They get up with the Sun and toil the whole day, till sunset. Love knows no season, no climates. It is not affected by time. In this section of the poem we come across personification like â€Å"busy old fool† and â€Å"saucy pedantic wretch† to show the annoyance the poet has at this intruder.The poet’s wit is apparent when he tells the Sun that he has no reason to think that his beams are â€Å"so reverend and strong†. The poet lover could eclipse and could the beams of the Sun with a wink. He does not do so because he does not wish to â€Å"loose her sight so long. † This indicates that the love between the poet and his lover is so obsessive, so strong and has such potency that he does not even want to lose sight of her for her second. The Sun travels all over the world in twenty four hours. The poet asks the Sun to go round the world, see all Kings, come back tomorrow and say ifDonne uses hyperbole to exaggerate the importance of himself and his lover, â€Å"in one bed lay†- he is insinuating that all important elements of the world are there in the their bed and in their room. They are everything. To Donne, this moment with his love means everything and he describes it as such. The same imagery continues in the concluding verse of the poem where â€Å"She’s all States, and all Princes I†. The poet’s mistress is all States. She is the world. The Sun can shine over only half of the world at one time. The lovers, on the contrary, are the world.It logically follows that the Sun is â€Å"half as happy as we†. When we come to this part of the poem we notice a shift in the mood of the poet. Th e Sun is no longer the â€Å"busy old fool† or the â€Å"saucy pedantic wretch† of the first verse or stanza. It is now an aged fellow in need of ease. The poet offers it the needed ease; the Sun’s duty now is warming the world. It warms only half of the world at a time. By shining on the lover’s bed it can shine over the whole world at a time. â€Å"Let the bed be the centre and the walls the sphere† of the Sun with this arrangement the aged Sun can do its duties with ease.At the beginning of the poem the poet asked the Sun to go away from there. Now he invites the Sun to go round their bed and shine on them. He does not want to lose his lovers sigh for even a second- shows how much he loves her. The poet addresses the sun as a person and rebukes the sun because it has wakened him and his lover from their sleep. He demands to know why lovers should obey time. He also shows his dominance over the sun, calling it a ‘saucy pedantic wretchâ€⠄¢ and tells the sun to bother other people instead such as late school boys or workers imploring or more time to sleep.He tells the sun to find the royal court people and farmers to let them start their day instead of controlling the lovers, because time does not exist in love and unlike season or climate or sun, love doesn’t change. Hours, days and months are just silly, useless measures. The poet challenges the sun about its strength, that the sun isn’t is high and mighty because he can make it disappear by winking, except he doesn’t want to lose sight of his lover. He teases the sun that his lover’s eyes are so beautiful and bright that it can blind the sun.He tells he sun to go to far away countries like India or stay because the entire world is with him in the bed. The sun can also find kings but he and his lover are so superior that even the kings will say the most important people are in his room, ‘all here in one bed lay’. The poet c laims that his lover is ‘all states’ and in fact the whole world itself and he is the ‘prince’ that rules it, nothing else exists other than them. They are the celebrity, and even other princes want to mimic them.He declares that honour and science are nothing compared to their love and that the sun is only half as happy as they are. He says the sun is old and so it should rest because its duty is to warm the world and since they are the world, the sun has completed its duty. Then, the poet cleverly turns the sun’s refusal to leave into a show of its generosity and by shining at them, it has centered itself upon the room of his love and so they are the sun, the center of the universe

Free Essays on The Aesthetic Experience

With so much emphasis placed on the departments whose degrees can produce huge sums of money, it seems that we have begun to lose the â€Å"arts† aspect of the liberal arts college, or sector of the university. So much in fact that there are people that I know that haven’t even stepped foot in the Fine Arts Center, let alone go to a performance that isn’t mandated for their class. I would think that it is fair to say that I’m not exactly one of these people as everyone in my family has been or is an artist, including my brother who graduated with a degree in ecology and now is a potter. It is also true that I went to a school that emphasized the arts, and not so much testing, so much in fact that I had never had homework until I transferred to a public school in the sixth grade. Yet I have tried to remove myself from the arts as I didn’t want to get caught up in the family characteristic, and become just a â€Å"statistic†, just another K aufmann who is an artist. So although I am familiar to various forms of art, I lacked the knowledge of basic terms to describe that form and therefore the mental capacity to describe what I am seeing or hearing, as well as to interpret the meaning of it. This is the foundation behind the entire thinking or concept of the aesthetic experience of the lively arts – that one needs adequate information in order to be fully enveloped in the piece, and being able to experience a connection to it. This feeling might be that a person becomes almost a part of the piece as though they were the focal point of it, just because they connect with it in a special way that can be from a past experience, memory, or a current feeling that they are experiencing. This can be transcribed through either creative or receptive experience, but in this class we dealt solely with the latter. An aspect of this class that really stood out to me was the Japanese gardens that we went to see. Previous to taking thi... Free Essays on The Aesthetic Experience Free Essays on The Aesthetic Experience With so much emphasis placed on the departments whose degrees can produce huge sums of money, it seems that we have begun to lose the â€Å"arts† aspect of the liberal arts college, or sector of the university. So much in fact that there are people that I know that haven’t even stepped foot in the Fine Arts Center, let alone go to a performance that isn’t mandated for their class. I would think that it is fair to say that I’m not exactly one of these people as everyone in my family has been or is an artist, including my brother who graduated with a degree in ecology and now is a potter. It is also true that I went to a school that emphasized the arts, and not so much testing, so much in fact that I had never had homework until I transferred to a public school in the sixth grade. Yet I have tried to remove myself from the arts as I didn’t want to get caught up in the family characteristic, and become just a â€Å"statistic†, just another K aufmann who is an artist. So although I am familiar to various forms of art, I lacked the knowledge of basic terms to describe that form and therefore the mental capacity to describe what I am seeing or hearing, as well as to interpret the meaning of it. This is the foundation behind the entire thinking or concept of the aesthetic experience of the lively arts – that one needs adequate information in order to be fully enveloped in the piece, and being able to experience a connection to it. This feeling might be that a person becomes almost a part of the piece as though they were the focal point of it, just because they connect with it in a special way that can be from a past experience, memory, or a current feeling that they are experiencing. This can be transcribed through either creative or receptive experience, but in this class we dealt solely with the latter. An aspect of this class that really stood out to me was the Japanese gardens that we went to see. Previous to taking thi...

Emphasis for Epithets and Personification

Emphasis for Epithets and Personification Emphasis for Epithets and Personification Emphasis for Epithets and Personification By Mark Nichol Among the more colorful specimens of the human race you will find many who earned a sobriquet, or nickname what we word geeks call an epithet. (Epithet, among other meanings, is also a euphemism for name-calling or other uncomplimentary utterances.) From Alexander the Great to the King of Pop, memorable figures with such appellations have figured large in the public consciousness. But even these rulers have to submit to rules, so enclose any such epithet in quotation marks if it is enclosed in, or follows, the person’s actual name: â€Å"Charles ‘Lucky Lindy’ Lindbergh,† or â€Å"Lon Chaney, ‘the Man of a Thousand Faces.’† Otherwise no emphasis is needed. Informal nicknames for people who don’t appear in history books follow the same rule: Whether he’s called Chip, Kip, or Skip, quotation marks are superfluous when you write about him. Also capitalize but do not otherwise emphasize impermanent sobriquets such as â€Å"the First Lady† and collective epithets like â€Å"the Founding Fathers.† This rule is also pertinent for unnamed characters in films, plays, and the like: capitalize, but skip the quotation marks. What about inanimate objects? Our solar system’s fourth planetary body long ago earned the nickname the Red Planet. Just as with personal names, omit quotation mark, but do capitalize; it’s a name, after all, not just a simple description that distinguishes it from the blue planet and the green planet and the yellow planet. The same goes for the references to terrestrial appellations like the Golden State (California’s sobriquet) or the Seven Wonders of the World. And then there are conjectural places or entities like Memory Lane or Central Casting. Dictionaries and various style guides do not honor such terms with capitalization, but in my opinion, descriptions such as â€Å"Going back to my hometown, I took a trip down Memory Lane† and â€Å"The patrons bellied up to the bar were straight out of Central Casting† are strengthened by equating, with initial uppercase letters, the key words with real localities or institutions. (Defiant attitudes like mine are known in the editing trade as style breaks; consider this style broken here.) Objects can also be generically personified. For example, traditionally, ships and other craft have been affectionately referred to by the female pronoun not surprisingly, considering that those who perpetuated this affectation were men subjected to prolonged periods of duty aboard these vessels without the company of women. This custom is acceptable in fiction, but employ the gender-neutral pronoun in all other uses. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Synonyms for â€Å"Angry†Try to vs. Try andContinue and "Continue on"

MUSCULOSKETAL CLINICAL CASE Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MUSCULOSKETAL CLINICAL CASE - Assignment Example Test for this was physical examination and calculation of BMI. This is a clue the pain results from trauma caused by physical injury on the lower back (Jallo & Vaccaro, 2009). The injury is because of lifting heavy loads at work. To confirm this diagnosis, the ailing described type, location and severity of his back pain. In addition, he also gave the history of his back pain. Generally, from the patient’s habit evidence exists that he consumes alcohol in excess, during weekends. This evidence is evident by code V11.3. Research work undertaken in the past cites heavy alcohol drinking normally is associated with lower back pain. Alternatively, the numbness and tingling in his right foot toes results from alcoholic neuropathy (Smith & Stahel, 2014). Alcoholic neuropathy results from too much drinking, which can lead to depletion on nutrients such as vitamin E, folate, vitamins B6 and B12, niacin, and thiamine, needed for proper nerve function. This condition has no known etiology, however, some of its common symptoms comprise tingling or numbness in hands and feet, abnormal pain processing as well as fatigue among others. It is coded 729.1 to mean it includes other conditions with â€Å"Myalgia and myositis, unspecified† (Basavanthappa, 2010). Generally, the diagnosis of this condition is based much on how a patient feels, however, blood tests can also be used. Certainly, the patient had these symptoms, thereby acting as a confirmation for the validity of the diagnosis. The code provided (304.3) for this diagnosis implies that despite the patient being dependent on cannabis, he has not developed psychological dependence because of the use. Researches cite Cannabis dependence also results to pain in the back or limbs. This is because it causes conditions such as osteomyelitis (Buckup, 2011). Cannabis dependence in the patient was confirmed through the Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST). This descends from a

Interview With Winnie Francois Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Interview With Winnie Francois - Essay Example The first question I have asked Winnie Francois consisted in the ethical values which are of a great importance for the leaders of the non-profit organizations. Winnie said that there were various approaches to develop ethics within Meals on Wheels. The ethical values are incredibly important, he gave an emphasis, due to the reason that the key aim of any non-profit organization is not to accumulate the financial assets and income, but help those who are in need. The ethical values which have been put on the basis of the Broward Meals on Wheels are connected with the intention to help without having any benefits of the financial character. Thus, Winnie claimed, the main ethical value of our work consists in the understanding that we work to help and assist. The leaders of the non-profit agency, Broward Meals on Wheels, Winnie said were full on enthusiasm and exercised the active approach to the design of ideas and ways how to have the good intentions to be turned to life. Broward Mea ls on Wheels serves as an important mechanism and the brightest example of how the non-profit organization has to work. Another ethical value, as Winnie Francois has a conviction, consists in the desire to unite the major stakeholders and charity organizations in order to follow the common aim which comprises of the numerous approaches and means to help and make it on the constant basis. This value requires, certainly, much attempt to be done, since the search of the agents willing to help is a very complicated and long-termed task.

Separation of Powers between the Three Branches of Government Essay

Separation of Powers between the Three Branches of Government - Essay Example It was, however, Charles Louis de Montesquieu who clearly defined the three branches of government and laid down the basics of the concept of separation of powers. Some countries being underpinned by the concept of separation of powers, like the United States, have written constitutions that clearly laid out and allocated the various powers and functions of the government to the different branches (Barnett pp. 105-106). This is not so in the United Kingdom. The UK Constitution does not consist of a single, written document but rather of various uncodified laws scattered in several documents like statutes, court decisions and treaties and unwritten ones like customs and conventions. A strict separation of powers normally divides separate powers and functions and allows them to the three branches government: the executive; Parliament, and; the judiciary. In the UK, the components of the three branches of governments usually share powers held by other branches in a mixed government fash ion. Eric Barendt, however, author of the book Separation of Powers does not believe that the UK necessarily has a weaker constitution because of this disparity. He believes that â€Å"the separation of powers should not be explained in terms of a strict distribution of functions between the three branches of government, but in terms of a network of rules and principles which ensure that power is not concentrated in the hands of one branch.† The UK government, like other democratic governments, has three major institutions, all exercising various functions and powers and sometimes sharing the powers of the other branches: the executive, the legislative and the judiciary. The executive department is made up the Crown and the central government, the latter of which is composed of the Prime Minister and his/her Cabinet Ministers. The central government is accountable to Parliament, which can choose to dissolve it and force a new election of a new set of officials if it believes that circumstances warrant it.  

Politics and Other Social Sciences Essay Example for Free

Politics and Other Social Sciences Essay Man is a social animal. His social life has many dimensions – political, economic, sociological, psychological, historical etc. Social sciences deal with this multi-dimensional man, his collective life, social behaviour, organisations and activities. All of these dimensions of man are inter-connected leading to interrelationship among various social sciences. Political science, being one of the social sciences dealing with the political aspect of social man, has close connections with other social sciences. The modem approach in the study of social sciences is primarily interdisciplinary. It means that scholars of one specialized social science should work in coordination with scholars of other disciplines. This has resulted in a great deal of overlapping of disciplines. Interdisciplinary study has resulted in a rapid development of theoretical and applied aspects of politics and the sharpening of tools of research and analysis in the present century. Political Science and History Political Science and History are very closely connected. Jellinek remarked: It is almost a common-place today to affirm the necessity of historical study as a basis for a proper understanding of institutions, whether they be political, legal, or social.1 E.H. Carr holds that the dual function of history (is) to enable man to understand the society of the past and to increase his mastery over the society of the present} The cause and effect relationship of social phenomena can be understood by scientific understanding of history. History furnishes the political scientist the raw materials for comparison and induction. The relation of political science and history is well brought out in words of Seeley: History without Political Science has no fruit. Political Science without history has no root. In the words of Freeman, history is past politics and politics is present history. While political science is dependent on history for its material, it must be made clear that history supplies only part of its material. Again, all facts of history are not useful to political science. Garner rightly points out that not all of history is past politics. Much of it – like the history of art, of science, of inventions, discoveries, military campaigns, language, customs, dress, industries, religious controversies – has little, if any, relation to politics and affords no material for political investigation. Political Science selects relevant facts out of history. All political institutions are products of history. Without historical foundations, political science becomes merely speculative and abstract. History is a vast storehouse of facts and information from which political science draw its relevant materials for generalizations. Lipson writes: with its chronological treatment, history offers to the student of politics a sense of growth and development and thus affords insight into the process of social change. Political science has influence on history. Political ideas of thought leaders have contributed in shaping human history. Political revolutions and political concepts like democracy, liberty, equality and political ideologies like liberalism, nationalism and socialism have substantially influenced the history of societies. Garner aptly observes: to interpret history in its true significance we must study that politically. Behaviouralism with its stress on empirical method has undermined the importance of historical method in recent political studies. Traditional method relied more on history as it believed that history can assist in understanding the present and act as a guide for the future. Political Science and Economics Political Science and economics are very closely related and cover a common ground to a large extent. Early writers on economics considered their subject as a branch of political science and termed it ‘political economy’. Politics influences substantially the economic system. The state formulates the economic policies and regulates the economy. Production and distribution of wealth, price control, trade, taxation, government ownership of public utilities, banking, export-import and such other economic activities are regulated by political decision-making. The solution of many economic problems must come through political channels. Indeed many of the complex problems of the modern state are essentially economic in character: the reduction of economic disparity, removal of poverty and unemployment, the adjustment of the claims of capital and labour, nationalization and the achievement of a welfare state. The modern state, Galbraith writes, is an Industrial State. On the other hand, political and social life is profoundly influenced by economic conditions. Karl Marx regarded politics as a part of political economy and maintained that the economic basis of society influences politics which belongs to the superstructure. Political movements and revolutions are profoundly influenced by economic causes. All political ideologies like liberalism, socialism, imperialism, fascism have an economic basis. The political behaviour of man and various organized groups is influenced by economic factors. The main functions of modern welfare state are basically economic. There are economic motives behind many political policies. Political norms like liberty, equality, rights, justice are very often evaluated on an economic basis. Thus there is close relationship between political and economic life. The interaction of the two disciplines has resulted in the increasing importance given to political economy in recent years. Political Science and Sociology No two social sciences are as closely related as political science and sociology. Sociology is the fundamental social science. It is the root of all the social sciences. It is the most comprehensive social science which studies all aspects of the life of man in society. In the words of Small, it is the science of men in their associated processes. Sociology has a much wider scope than political science. It is a study of society in all its manifestations, while political science is primarily a study of the state and government. In other words, sociology deals with man in all his social relations, while political science deals with the man in his political relations. Sociology deals with both organized and unorganised communities and groups, while political science is concerned with organised political communities. The subject of sociology is social man and that of political science is political man. The relation between the two sciences is well brought out by Garner. He writes: Sociology derives from political science knowledge of the facts regarding the organization and activities of the state, while political science derives in large measure from sociology its knowledge of the origin of political authority and the laws of social control. State and politics cannot be studied objectively without an understanding of the general laws of social development. Political institutions and processes are influenced by social forces and factors. Not only does sociology influence political science, but politics also influences the social system. The political system controls and regulates social forces and customs. Politics engineers the process of peaceful social change and is engaged in maintaining social stability and cooperation. Political control is the most important and the most effective among all forms of social control. Contemporary political studies have borrowed concepts, methods and techniques of research from sociology. The current sociological impact on the study of politics can be traced back to the influence of Max Weber. Interdisciplinary study of political science and sociology got tremendous fillip with the emergence of political behaviouralism. A new branch of study named political sociology has emerged as a result of the interaction between political science and sociology. G. Sartori has observed that politics has got socialised and society has got politicised in the present times to such an extent that politics cannot be studied in isolation from sociology. Political Science and Psychology Psychology is the science of mental attitudes and human behaviour. It studies human instincts, attitudes, sentiments and emotions. It has been emphasized that scientific study of social phenomena must have a psychological basis. Psychological factors have become increasingly important for understanding what people believe about politics and how they act in political situations. Study of political behaviour has assumed great significance under the impact of behaviouralism in political studies. The psychological approach in political science goes back to 1908 when A. F. Bentleys The Process of Government and Graham Wallass Human Nature in Politics were published. The psychological approach received further impetus from Chicago School political scientists such as C. E Merrium, Stuart Rice, George Catlin and Harold Lasswell. Modern writers like Tarde, Le Bon, McDougall, Graham Wallas, Baldwin and Ellwood have attempted to explain and interpret political and social phenomena through the laws of psychology. Governments to be stable and popular must reflect the mental ideas and moral sentiments of the people who are subject to its control. Modern governments have devised subtle methods of the psychological manipulation of the masses. Public opinion is being moulded by ingenious propaganda as in politics the art of controlling the mass mind is increasingly becoming the key to political power and stability. Political Science and Ethics Political science has close historical links with philosophy and ethics. Initially, the study of state in Greece was a part of ethics. Ethics as a branch of study investigates the laws of morality and formulates rules of conduct. Ethics is the science of the moral order while political science is the science of the political order. Both have to deal with questions of right and wrong, good and bad, just and unjust. Plato conceived the notion of an ideal state in his Republic and believed that the state should train men in a life of virtue. The end of the state, according to Aristotle, is good life for the citizens. Modern idealists like Rousseau, Kant, Hegel and Green have accepted the state as an ethical institution which creates conditions for the fullest development of human personality. Lord Acton goes so far as to say: The great question is to discover, not what governments prescribe, but what they ought to prescribe. Fox held that what is morally wrong can never be politically right. Gandhis lasting contribution to politics is his insistence upon the spiritualization of politics i.e., application of truth, non-violence, love, self-suffering to mans social and political life. The end of the state has been formulated by the greatest political thinkers in terms of moral values. The state exists to promote social and moral good on the largest possible scale. A good citizen is possible in a good state and perfect state cannot be conceived where wrong ethical principles prevail. Laws are obeyed with greater readiness if they are based on the moral ideas of the community. Politics also influences ethics. Politics safeguards the ethical norms of a society. The state acts as the guardian of social morality. The attempts of some contemporary political scientists to create a value-free political science have not been successful. David Easton aptly observes: The goal of value-free research is a myth The utility of political research stems from the fact that it helps men to decide upon the kind of political system they would prefer and to understand how to go about changing social policy to obtain it. The inspiration behind political science is clearly ethical. Political Science and Jurisprudence The state is a social phenomenon as well as a legal institution. From the legal point of view, the state is a person with rights and duties. It is a juristic personality subject to the process of law. The state operates through law and hence jurisprudence, as the science of law, is closely related to politics. Strictly jurisprudence is a subdivision of political science but on account of its vast scope and technical nature it is studied as a separate branch of study. Jurisprudence has several branches, namely, civil law, criminal law, constitutional law, international law etc. Constitutional law defines the organs of the state, their relations to one another, and the rights and duties of individuals. International law regulates the relations of states and various international organizations: If law influences politics, politics also influences law. Different political systems have different legal systems; Laws tend to be a reflex of a particular social pattern and are influenced by the nature of the political system. Political Science and Anthropology Anthropology deals with man as a social being. It deals with the origin, classification and relations of races, languages and cultures found in different localities. Politics uses the vast material gathered by anthropology. Physical anthropology dealing with the conditions of primitive men and their environment facilitates the study of the origin and evolution of various political institutions. Similarly social or cultural anthropology dealing with the growth and interpretation of customs, traditions, habits and religious beliefs etc., explains the forces and factors operating in political institutions. Anthropological data have assumed great importance in the study of the formation of national character. Political Science and Geography Many writers have emphasized the influence of geographical conditions and physical environment upon national character. Even national policies have been shown to be determined by such conditions. The influence of climate, topography, character of the soil, insularity, the presence or absence of mountains, rivers and outlets to the sea has been emphasized by various political thinkers from Aristotle to the present. Notable among them are Bodin, Rousseau, Montesquieu and Buckle. The emphasis upon geographical factors as determinants of state policy and governmental functioning has resulted in the development of a new science known as ‘Geopolitics’. Since territory is an important element of the state, geographical factors naturally influence political activities. These factors have assumed great significance especially in the field of defence strategy. Political Science and Statistics Statistics is concerned with systematic collection, analysis and presentation of numerical data. Von Mohl described statistics as a means through which a picture of existing political and social conditions could be obtained. Social phenomena and the results of governmental action are quantitatively measured by it. Statistical findings serve as a guide for administrative action, as a basis for legislation, and as a means for testing the expediency or effectiveness of political policies. Therefore, all governments collect statistical information concerning finance, trade, military and economic resources, social conditions of the people etc. Behavioural approach to the study of political science has put excessive stress on statistical methods (quantification, techniques), thereby contributing a lot to the scientific character of political science. The foregoing discussion clearly shows the intimate relation of political science to other social sciences. A proper understanding of political institutions, processes and phenomena calls for reliance upon a number of sister disciplines. Specialization of social sciences should not lead to narrow compartmentalization. Interdisciplinary approach to the study of social sciences has resulted in the blurring of rigid boundaries of various disciplines and highlighting the need for mutual exchange and interaction among social scientists.